Defining live and dead groups rigorously and concisely is more difficult than you might imagine. Once this task is accomplished, formulating territory rules becomes easy. Rules theorists have made repeated attempts, but in the end they have not succeeded in creating a direct, rigorous definition.
Few people would doubt that the group in Dia. 2-19-1 is independently alive, even though it has only false eyes. At the same time, few people would say that the white group in Dia. 2-19-2 is independently alive.
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